Suitable for all universities !!!
Lectures include 60 questions, the volume of 1-2 pages. Made textbooks 2009-2010.
Crib is made of lecture notes, double-sided, measuring 4.5 x 7.5 cm (easily fits into the palm).
Contents
1. Place the ecology in the natural sciences
2. The current understanding of the ecology as the science of ecosystems and the biosphere
3. The levels of the study of the biosphere
4. Formation of the image of the biosphere in the process of vital activity of organisms
5. The composition of air, water, soil origin, their biotic regulation
6. Issues related to anthropogenic impact on the biosphere
7. The ecological crisis
8. Interaction between organism and environment
9. The fundamental properties of living systems.
10. The body as a discrete self-reproducing an open system. A variety of organisms.
11. Photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthetic organisms
12. Chemosynthesis life under anaerobic conditions
13. The main groups of heterotrophs. Trophic relationships between organisms
14. Homeostasis. Principles of regulation of vital functions. Possibilities of adaptation of organisms to changes in environmental conditions. Tolerance and resistance
15. Terms and resources protection. Physico-chemical habitat organisms. Water, soil and air pollution
16. abiotic and biotic factors. Ecological importance of abiotic factors
17. essential and irreplaceable resources. Daily and seasonal cycle
18. Regulation (law) Liebig's law Shelford. The interaction of environmental factors
19. The notion of ecological niche. Bioassay and bioindication. Stress as an ecological factor
20. The definition of the concepts of "species" and "population". The hierarchical structure of populations. Settling in populations of organisms and communication
21. The population as part of the ecosystem. Static characteristics of the population: the number, density, age and sex composition
22. The nature of the spatial distribution of species and detection. Types of distribution of individuals
23. Regulation of the population in the wild. The dynamic characteristics of the population
24. Tables and curves of survival, growth
25. Biomass and ways of expression. Dynamics of biomass. Bioproductivity
26. Biocenosis (community), their taxonomic composition and functional structure
27. Types of relationships between organisms
28. The principle of competitive exclusion. Competition and distribution of species
29. Relationship "predator - prey". Coupling evolution
30. The development of ecosystems: succession. The use of matter and energy in ecosystems
31. The value of photo- and chemosynthesis
32. The climatic zoning and the main types of terrestrial ecosystems. Tundra, swamps, taiga
33. temperate forests, steppes, deserts, tropical rain forests
34. The vertical structure of aquatic ecosystems. Continental waters
35. The biological structure of the ocean. Neritic and pelagic area. Areas of upwelling. The intensity of the primary production in different parts of the World Ocean
36. The capacity and stability of ecosystems. Species diversity as a major factor of stability of ecosystems
37. Biosphere
38. Origin and soil classification
39. A variety of soil properties as a result of ecosystem functioning and the condition of their sustainability
40. The energy balance of the biosphere. The cycle of chemical elements
41. Man as a species. Ecotype. Homeostasis and Adaptation
42. The ontogeny of man and his critical periods. Human environment, a variety of conditions
43. Environmental factors and human health. Ecopathology
44. Human genetics and genetic load. Terms playback healthy offspring
45. Life in the agro-urban ecosystems, and. Life in extreme conditions
46. \u200b\u200bPopulation health indicators. Population growth, technological change and the nature of
47. Global envir